NeumannBerlin Microphone KM 84 User Manual

neumann.berlin  
the microphone company  
This type of powering sys-  
tem has several advantag-  
es, one being particularly  
important in standard ap-  
plications. Phantom pow-  
ering allows for the con-  
nection of dynamic and  
ribbon mics without dam-  
age. All microphones with  
a symmetrical, unground-  
ed output can also be used  
KM 84 - 48 Volt Phantom Powered  
From the very start, Neumann has maintained close rela-  
tions with the people using its products. The suggestions,  
wishes and demmands of these important customers often  
lead to the development of new standards and the intro-  
duction of novel techniques. One particularly important  
development began with a  
visit by Neumann staff to  
Oslo, Norway, in 1966.  
with  
this  
powering  
Norwegian State Televi-  
scheme. Even tube micro-  
phones, with their sepa-  
rate power supplies, can be  
connected to a Phantom  
supply without problems.  
sion planned to outfit a  
new station which would  
use transistor-based micro-  
phones. Instead of using  
the German 12 Volt wire  
circuit system, the engi-  
neers wished to use the  
station’s existing central  
48 Volt DC system. Neu-  
mann suggested a circuit in which the microphone could  
be operated with this 48 Volt supply by dividing the volt-  
age across the two modulation pins and developing the nec-  
essary current in reference to the cable shield.  
The first microphone  
made with this technolo-  
gy was the Neumann  
KM 84, a miniature mi-  
crophone with a near per-  
fect cardioid characteristic  
(due to the excellent  
KM 64 capsule it con-  
tains). The circuit was  
made quite small so that  
the mic could be made  
with a diameter of only  
21 mm and a length of  
110 mm. With phantom  
powering, a truly “minia-  
ture microphone” was now possible!  
This system is devised by using two matching 6.8 kOhm  
resistors where the positive pole of both modulation wires  
are fed to these resistors and recovered in the microphone.  
Due to the high degree of balance (because of the careful-  
ly matched resistors), no potential difference voltage ex-  
ists between the modulation wires. Thus the term “Phan-  
tom Power” has come to be understood as a powering sys-  
The KM 84 was designed with a 10 dB attenuation switch,  
therefore allowing the microphone to be used up close with  
loud instruments. By placing the pad at the gate of the field-  
effect transistor (FET), this “pre-attenuation” prevents the  
hot capsule signal from overloading the front end of the  
amplifier. With the switch on, a sound pressure level of  
130 dB can pass through without distortion.  
What began as a modest interest in this new type of pow-  
ering (and using a new connector for microphones) in 1966  
resulted with the KM 84 as being one of the great success  
stories in Neumann’s history. Following its introduction,  
all microphone manufacturers began to produce or modi-  
fy models for 48 volt phantom powering and this system  
has since become the world standard for condenser micro-  
phone powering.  
tem where no voltage is developed between the modula-  
tion pins of the microphone and thus “does not appear”  
unless used with a corresponding microphone.  
 

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